![]() It includes numerous syndromes characterized by varying degrees of. Peripheral neuropathy Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy is dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves (the part of a nerve distal to the root and plexus). read more may occur with hemolysis, a hemoglobinopathy, connective tissue diseases, myeloproliferative disorders, infection, or cancer. Causes of splenomegaly are myriad, as are the. (See also Overview of the Spleen.) Splenomegaly is almost always secondary to other disorders. Splenomegaly Splenomegaly Splenomegaly is abnormal enlargement of the spleen. Jaundice becomes visible when the bilirubin level is about 2 to 3 mg/dL (34 to 51 micromol/L). Jaundice Jaundice Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia. read more (eg, hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, tachypnea, diaphoresis, confusion) may result from acute bleeding. Mechanisms may involve decreased circulating volume, decreased cardiac output, and vasodilation, sometimes. Hemorrhagic shock Shock Shock is a state of organ hypoperfusion with resultant cellular dysfunction and death. The manifestations depend on the location and rate of bleeding. Heme-positive stool identifies gastrointestinal bleeding Overview of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding can originate anywhere from the mouth to the anus and can be overt or occult. Signs of underlying disorders are more diagnostically accurate than are signs of anemia. read more can predispose to autoimmune hemolytic anemia Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by autoantibodies that react with red blood cells at temperatures ≥ 37° C (warm antibody hemolytic anemia) or < 37° C (cold agglutinin disease). The major types are Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma See table Comparison of Hodgkin. read more or lymphoma Overview of Lymphoma Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising in the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems. ![]() Common manifestations may include arthralgias and. Autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic, multisystem, inflammatory disorder of autoimmune etiology, occurring predominantly in young women. ![]() Cancer, rheumatic disorders, and chronic inflammatory disorders can suppress red cell production. Hemolysis is defined as premature destruction and hence a shortened RBC life span. read more are inherited, and certain drugs and infections predispose to hemolysis Overview of Hemolytic Anemia At the end of their normal life span (about 120 days), red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation. It is caused by homozygous inheritance of genes for hemoglobin. A number of hemoglobinopathies Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease (a hemoglobinopathy) causes a chronic hemolytic anemia occurring almost exclusively in people with African ancestry. Ineffective hematopoiesis affects all cell lines but particularly red blood cells. read more, whereas alcohol use disorder increases the risk of folate deficiency anemia Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias Megaloblastic anemias result most often from deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate. For example, a vegan diet predisposes to vitamin B12 deficiency anemia Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemias Megaloblastic anemias result most often from deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate.
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